Learning Team Objective Essay

During weeks four and five, we learned all about methods a company can have a picture of their overall fiscal rankings. A few of the subjects dealt with include using a report of cash flows to observe the coming in and going out of cash, assessing fiscal reports, the way to report the issuance of the various kinds of stock and dividend payments, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act influence. A report of cash flows indicates the receipt and payment of cash for the organization. The direct method is desired by the FASB, even though both ways are acceptable, and shows cash receipts and payments in operations whereas the indirect method changes net income which does not influence cash. To get commenced with a report of cash flows, the organization must change its net income from an accrual basis to a cash basis. Ultimately, an organization may decide their free cash flow to find out the amount of money is remaining after adjustments for capital expenses and dividends have been completed. The 3 methods of assessment are the horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis. Horizontal assesses the fiscal report data during a period of time. This decides the increase or reduction which has occurred. Vertical analysis reports every item like a percent of base sum. This decides what amount of the total assets are existing assets or what amount of the net sales are selling expenditures. Ratio analysis reports the connection amongst the chosen items of the reports. This decides liquidity of assets, profits of the organization, and the solvency ratio informs if the organization is likely to survive over a long interval of time. Investors are able to use the cash flow report to find out if the organization has adequate cash to increase operations and pay dividends. The organization may use the information in the cash flow report to assess the effectiveness of operations. Cash flow from funding activities shows any modifications in debt, loans, or dividends. Issuing stock or rising long-term borrowing is actually a cash inflow. Paying dividends or decreasing liability is a cash outflow. Moreover, cash flow from operating activities calculates the modifications in cash flows from operations needing a calculation of the modifications in account balances in the balance sheet between accounting intervals. Scenarios may happen which result in unethical accounting routines because of lacking in the financial controls set down and followed by higher administration people. All six of these methods not just require to be set up but they must be adopted and enforced as well by way of assessment and follow-up. In case even one of the controls isn’t set up in that case the opportunity may become open for unethical conduct. For instance, in case you don’t specify duty by just having one individual accountable in that case it results in a lack of accountability if something is incorrect. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was put into operation in 2002 as a result of great number of unethical and fraudulent scenarios abounding in companies. This Act says that all publicly operated organizations should have noted internal fiscal controls in the organization. Organizations must submit an assessment of the effectiveness and value of their internal controls with their conclusion of year fiscal package. Regular outside audits are carried out to make sure compliance by the companies with this Act. In case violations are found anytime, penalties and fines might be enacted upon higher administration level people to include imprisonment. To conclude, over weeks 4 and 5 we have learned all about the ways of creating cash flow reports, the way to apply the 3 different ratios when deciding how nicely or lousy the organization is performing fiscally, the way to report journal entries of the issuance of stock and common stock and the way to announce and enter payments from dividends, and lastly the way to stay ethical in accounting and be in conformity with SOX.

Exam Guide Ling

LING 160 Guidelines for Exam 2 Exam Date, Time, and Room # Exam 2 is on Thursday, March 28, 2012, room #3310, at 2:30 p. m. It will be about one hour long. Exam Format Mostly multiple-choice questions and a few open-ended, short-answer questions, like exam 1. We’ll have between 45 and 50 questions total. Unless stated otherwise, provide short, bullet-like, answers to the open-ended questions including only the relevant information and skipping unnecessary parts. For example, do not write â€Å"I believe that one of the most important factors for XXX is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ; just provide the most important factor(s), and do not exceed the space provided.If you have one line for an answer, do not write more than that. There will be deductions for lengthy answers. What to Bring Your SFU student ID, a pencil and an eraser for the Scantron Sheet, and a non-erasable blue or black pen for the open-ended questions. General Guidelines ? Practice doing the exercises in the text. Answers for m ost of them can be found at the end of each chapter. ? Though exam 2 will mostly cover the material discussed after exam 1, exam 2 will be cumulative. It will cover everything up to and including week 9, i. . , Chapters 1-10 from the textbook, including Ch. 10 â€Å"Style, Context and Register†, and the accompanying articles from the Reading List. ? Focus on main ideas and key examples supporting them. ? You do not have to memorize every single example in the textbook chapters and articles from every language. However, you do have to know the definitions of major terms, their application, and be able to provide examples illustrating the terms discussed in the texts and in the lectures. 1 LING 160/Dr.Ivelina Tchizmarova March 14, 2013 What will the Exam Cover? Textbook: It will cover Ch. 1-10, including Ch. 10 from the textbook. Articles: It will also cover the articles from the reading list up until and including week 9’s readings on Style, Context, and Register (see t he Reading List). Focus particularly on the following six articles and book chapters; there may be open-ended questions on them, so read them carefully, and be prepared to come up with your own answers: 1. De Wolf, Gaelan Dodds. 990. Social and Regional Differences in Grammatical Usage in Canadian English: Ottawa and Vancouver. American Speech. 65. 1:3-32. 2. Clarke, Sandra. 2006. Nooz or Nyooz? : The Complex Construction of Canadian Identity. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics. 51. 2/3:225-246. 3. Hoffman, Michol and James Walker. 2010. Ethnolects and the City: Ethnic Orientation and Linguistic Variation in Toronto English. Language Variation and Change. 22:37-67. 4. Clarke, Sandra and Philip Hiscock. 2009.Hip-hop in a Post-insular Community: Hybridity, Local Language, and Authenticity in an Online Newfoundland Rap Group. Journal of English Linguistics. 37. 3:241-261. 5. Battarbee, Keith. 2010. Shifts in the Language of Law: Reading the Registers of Official Language Statutes. Tex t and Talk. 30. 6:637-655. There may be multiple-choice questions on all of the remaining articles from the reading list for weeks 1-9 (not just the articles after exam 1); they will be based on main ideas and key supporting examples. ? Below is a sample list of topics to review for exam 2.For each topic: (1) be able to provide definitions of the sociolinguistic terms; (2) illustrate them with specific examples from different parts of the world; (3) relate the term specifically to Canada based on the articles in the reading list and the group presentations; (4) when terms are given in pairs (or groups), you need to be able to tell how they are similar and how they are different from each other. ? For a more detailed list of topics, see the main text’s table of contents on pp. ix-xii. 2 LING 160/Dr. Ivelina Tchizmarova March 14, 2013Sample List of Topics to Review Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and the questions on the actual exam may differ from these in con tent and format. 1. Regional and Social Dialects. 2. National and Official Languages. 3. Vernacular and Standard Varieties. 4. Language loss, language death, and language revival. 5. Gender-exclusive and gender-preferential language. 6. Age-graded features of language. 7. Ethnicity and language. 8. Social networks. 9. Language Variation and Language Change. 10. Style, context, and register.Other Reminders: 1. Be on time. If you are late, you will not be given extra time to complete the exam. 2. Write legibly. If your answer is illegible, we’ll mark it as wrong. 3. Please remember that there are no makeup exams in this course. If you are sick and can’t write the test, inform me by email. Make sure you see a doctor and obtain a doctor’s note for that day. The only medical form I accept is the Health Care Provider Statement from the SFU website below. If you need it, print it out, and have your doctor complete it: http://students. sfu. a/content/dam/sfu/students/pd f/healthcare-statement-general. pdf 4. Please do not email me questions about the exam. Ask your questions in class, so everyone can have the chance to contribute to and hear the answer. 5. Answers to exam questions will not be posted on webct or distributed to students. However, we’ll discuss the answers to exam 2 in class a week after the exam, so if you would like to hear them, you need to attend the lecture. Remember also to bring your instructions with you, so you can check your answers. 3 LING 160/Dr. Ivelina Tchizmarova March 14, 2013

Construction Project Management - Connecting the UK with Europe Coursework

Construction Project Management - Connecting the UK with Europe - Coursework Example Boring from one end of the English Channel would ensure that the tunnels would progress without major concerns for aligning tunnels to each other. In contrast, if boring was initiated from either end of the English Channel, it would be technically demanding to ensure an accurate alignment of the tunnels when the tunnels met in the middle of the English Channel. The other constraints such as costs of extra machines for boring also had to be balanced against concerns for a time required to complete the project. This and other such aspects of the Channel Tunnel project required that project management expertise and technical expertise be employed to execute the project. Once the project was initiated, the technical risks on the job were managed well enough including some famous overkill such as the useless procurement of new equipment when old equipment was just as effective. As the project progressed, it was affected negatively by two factors inimical to project management – cost variances and schedule. On the one hand the technical risks associated with this iconic project had been well managed and dealt with but on the other hand, a new set of risks had been left alone to be dealt out on their own. Largely the risks left out of the initial planning phase included dealing with government bureaucracy and the associated delays and changes to project scope. While the Channel Tunnel project can be seen as a major achievement in terms of technical progress but it is otherwise a pure project management failure. There is little doubt in anyone’s mind that the Channel Tunnel project was less than a Pyrrhic victory. The initial costing for the project was estimated at some $5.5 billion but the eventual execution cost the project team some $14.5 billion. There was little change in the overall scope of the project but there were myriad changes in the details of the project scope. It was decided initially that the Channel Tunnel would consist of 32 miles (51.5 kilometers) tunnel under the sea to serve two railway links separately.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example There are always the breathless promos ("Nude man found at mall: Film at 11!"). There are always the two amiable chatting anchors, usually a middle-aged man and a somewhat younger woman. There are the younger roving reporters, featured live at various points around the community or nation, where they chat up the anchors. ("Do you know why the man was wearing no clothes, Jim?" "We're working on that, Susan") There's the joking weatherman, the jock sportscaster, and more recently, the health editor and the lifestyle reporter. In a nation of enormous diversity, there's something both comforting and appalling in knowing that no matter where you are, the local news--like the local McDonalds--is always the same. What makes most of these newscasts pernicious is that they are at the same time so influential and so awful--at least in journalistic terms. In recent years, the local newscast has replaced the network evening news and the newspaper alike as the average American's main source of ne ws: A study by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in 1996 found that 65 percent of all adults said they regularly watched the local TV news; only 42 percent reported that they did the same with a network newscast. In about two-thirds of all markets, according to another study, the early-evening local news shows attracted better ratings than the network newscasts that followed them--and the local news is on for a longer time. Though local newscasts have been studied far less systematically than the national news, nearly everyone who has examined their content has come away with the same conclusion. For example: A 1995 study of the local news in 50 major markets by the Rocky Mountain Media Watch found that crime and disaster news make up about 53 percent of the news on local newscasts--the grislier the crime, the better. ("Son shoots mother five times with bow and arrow") Fluff--deemed by the study as 'soft news, anchor chatter, teases, and celebrity items"--takes up about 31 percent of the whole newscast, on average (items such as "Girl reunited with dog" or "How to tango"). An informal 1993 survey by The Washington Post of local newscasts on stations in five big cities found the percentage of stories involving crime, sex, disasters, accidents, or public fears running at anywhere from 46 to 74. In its survey, the Post found local newscast obsessed with murders, serial killers, snakebites, spider bites, tornadoes, mudslides, explosions, and satanic activity. A 1990 study published by the Columbia Journalism Review found that 18 of the 32 stories analyzed on local newscasts were inaccurate or misleading, and the station usually made no attempt to correct the mistakes. A report published the same year in the L.A. Reader, following examination of a week's worth of stories in that market, found stations routinely airing PR footage provided by companies with no acknowledgment that this was what was going on. In a 1991 book examining the local news, Making Local News, Phyllis Kaniss found, among other things, that local TV news reporters are more likely to accept their sources' viewpoints than are print reporters. A Chicago reporter looking at "sweeps week" on Los Angeles television found heavily promoted news stories on lesbian nuns, Geraldo Rivera's love life, and sex after 60. As a critic once put it: The worst scandal the local news could ever uncover is itself. Local news didn't start out this way. Until about 1970, local news--with its

Korean Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Korean Music - Research Paper Example These sources offer more information pertaining to the music that was prevalent in the early days, although this has transformed over time making the present music contemporary in comparison to that from the ancient times. Currently, various groups have developed to direct to Kpop that has appreciably brought out transformations of the ancient music to music in the contemporary world (Allkpop). The attributes of this music give it the attributes of modern musical styles that bear no relation to the musical styles in the ancient times. Despite many transformations over the years, certain aspects of the old musical styles still exist to the current time. In accordance to Korean prosperous musical records that extended up to the fifteenth century, approximately six sources still exist. They hold over one hundred composers that offer the musical advancement within the Korean context a point of references. Korean music attracts interest to all people who may be students, musicians and mus icologist from different regions around the globe. This is because it presents some charm and beauty that is absent in most musical genres presented by other cultures. Practically, the pieces of music that still exist as well as song text have all been transcribed into different versions. However, these versions are still undertaken using the original tunes. Various pieces that were presented were undertaken as accompaniments or performed for court dances. Fifteenth century is deemed the renaissance period, since significant cultural advancements transpired during this epoch. Encouragement of developments in music and discovery of phonetic alphabets within the Korean context played a chief role in the elevation of the Korean music to the current state (Condit 13). This has been ascribed to King Sejong and is considered one of his greatest accomplishments. During this era, the music developed profoundly with the discovery of fresh arrangements of musical connotations. This arrangemen t or system enabled recording various components of the melodic and percussion instruments thus offering defined rhythm for various performed pieces. Progress in Korean music was achieved through continued interest that was shown by kings who succeed Sejong thus triggering refinement of notational systems introduced by the king (Condit 13). Consequently, music was made popular throughout the region offering it a part in undertaking of the Confucian rituals. Korean musical accounts commenced all through the fifth century and continued to develop throughout this interlude to the fifteenth century, which saw numerous developments in music. Colonization of Korea by their Japanese counterparts affected their music since it incorporated some Japanese aspects into their music. Splitting of Korea after WW1 is presented substantially in the music that Koreans adopted showing the divisions that occurred within the cultures. South Korea presented a vivacious and stylistically all-embracing mus ical verve compared to the other division that occurred after splitting of the Korean peninsula (Condit 13). Conversely, North Korea presented banal, which is official music that contained aspects of westernized style of light music. Korean customary music consists of various strands with the most formal strands being court, religious and aristocratic music. Court

Viacom is Successful in 2011 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Viacom is Successful in 2011 - Case Study Example From this point, Viacom would have entirely taken a number of steps and guidelines in its acquisition so as to create better synergies. First and for most, Viacom had to stick to most of the established strategic goals and objectives including its vision that aims towards becoming a globally content provider. This could be done through ensuring that all the financial services have been duly delivered to customers. The other factor that was extremely necessary was the aspect of detailed planning. Here, planning can be taken to encompass cost saving (hard synergy) and revenue enhancement (soft synergy). Cost saving basically has to do with the aspects of redundancies such as the logistics, production, admin, among others, while Revenue enhancement on the other hand has to do with the aspect of cross-selling as well as strength-weakness and strength-strength matching (Hietala, Kaplan, et. al, 2002).   In summary, the ultimate cornerstones of for Viacom’s creation of better synergies can be taken to include the setting up of comprehensive and extensive strategies in terms of revenue enhancement and financing, beefing up operations through cross referencing and joint contracts acquisition, establishment of advanced management and ICT systems, and finally the aspect of establishing an outstanding culture that will enhance massive co-operation at the management

Small War In The Context Of Law Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Small War In The Context Of Law Empire - Essay Example The small war also comprises of campaigns aimed to subdue the existing guerrillas’ warfare and rebellions in different parts of the universe. In these areas, several soldiers and other defense forces have been deployed to fight back the militants or rebels who are cowards and do not have the courage to battle with militaries in open ground or field. Therefore, small war can be said to involve operations that are extremely unreliable and unpredictable as far as their scope and conditions are concerned. In the real sense, small war can be termed as a civil war in a nation or a civil wrong resulting from feuds and conflicts that prevail in a group or between groups in the society. Most of the people perceive small war as a turning point in the establishment of societal values and concepts. The scope of a small war entails organization of soldiers for irregular warfare information that is very valuable and important in defeating the enemy. The military logistics arrangements are e xhaustively dealt with and in detail. These logistic arrangements include communication lines, transport, and the supply system. In respect to strategies and tactics in place, a sketch of the rules, practice and the principles of a small war is established which will govern the conducts of armies while in war operations against the enemies. In small wars, it very significant to learn the varying hostile mode of war to a certain extent and get conversant with the possible war circumstances to prevail in the course of the battle. The military records have proven that the hostile mode of small wars differs from one battle to another. Therefore, a prior war study will help to come up with suitable strategies and tactics that will assume all forms of war. In a small war, the warring sides tend to have contentious issues that range from economic issues to social issues.

Seminar issues in hospital Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Seminar issues in hospital - Term Paper Example The perspective of fundraising was often done based on the bond market within a very short period of time. The Intermountain hospital’s level of market share has constantly remained consistent at an average value since its formation. IHC has mostly been a subject to a greater review by the primary Utah State Legislature simply because of the firm’s non-profit objective and the ownership of almost 21 out of its 60 hospitals. The competitor’s proposals to force the Intermountain organization to sell off the hospital or the insurance components with regards to an organization are fruitless. In the year 2005, the State Legislature went to the extent of hiring an external research firm so as to review the Utahs healthcare system. As much as the independent professionals failed to address the challenges that face Utahs healthcare venture, the researchers conclude that the substantial evidence tend to exist with the aim of supporting the ultimate conclusion that the Utahs health-care premises are performing in a competitive manner (Baker & Denis, 2012).The ultimate intervention by this Legislature towards promoting competition within these entire markets is unnecessary. The study gave an ultimate recommendation that this kind of legislature should refrain from creation of more rules and regulations. Intermountain Health Care is a leader in the clinical quality enhancement for almost a decade. It has an incorporated delivery system that is based in the Salt Lake City, and consists of a number of hospitals. Its cognitive efforts of injury reduction because of medical complications has led to the production of the most remarkable gains based on the effected program. The outcomes of the IHC has also pioneered innovative approaches to quality improvement that has enhanced diabetic patients, those with pneumonia, as well as those with respiratory failure, have been duly witnessed on various perspectives

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Answer questions - Assignment Example secured loans such as account receivables, freezing accounts of the business, placing a lien on property owned, in addition to filing a legal suit may well be recommended avenues to collect such loans. The law often prohibits creditors from taking/seizing certain types of properties. Such include collective family equity, furniture, and clothes. As such, first right to property with many interest involved fgalls to the collective owners other than the lender to a specific individual borower. A spouse and/or child cut out of a will can contest the will in a court of law. Such cases can be successful if the established laws or rules in a given state regarding family property are on their side. A prenuptial agreement only affect a will to the extent that its conflict with the terms of the will. One can donate part of her/his property through a written devise -- a gift of property made in a will. A lien is but a legal claim against the assets of a noncompliant taxpayer. If one receives an insurance policy with property tax lien, I file a "withdrawal" notice, notifying the public that I am not competing with other creditors for my property. Application for the Lien Withdrawal is also applicable for income tax lien. Easement is usually part of the deal and does need to be mentioned. For a mortgage and a mechanic lien, virtually impossible for you to sell a property with them, a law suit against such will be quite in order. Property lines are determined through a number of ways such as thorough checking of deed, visiting local assessors’ office for maps on the same or simply visiting the assessors’ official website for the same. One can also hire a surveyor to do the same work. Should problems be found, an agreement with the neighbors can as well resolve any issues arising from the

Americans and Materialism Essay Example for Free

Americans and Materialism Essay The 1960s represented an era of significant economic growth for Americans. Some economists argue that the early 1960s began the consumerism that defines American culture today. To what extent did American materialism that is, the beliefs in the accumulation of personal wealth make Americans afraid of communism? The chances of a communism in America were extremely small; Americans loved their democratic capitalist government. They would have not traded it in for being communist. In reality we as Americans are consumed by things we see and hear on TV, by what we see our neighbors have, and by what many people think is important in life. Materialism is a huge problem in this country. It appears to get worse as technology increases and new gadgets are invented and easily obtained; but because some people become obsessed with having and they lose self-control of it. Discussion topic #2: Based upon your reading materials for this unit, do you agree or disagree that more government intervention is needed in the capitalist system? Please justify your response with concrete examples. Yes, there should be government intervention in to capitalistic system with some extent. I my opinion markets cannot exist without a government to protect property rights, enforce contracts and settle disputes all of which is intervention. This would benefit the economy in variety of ways. Firstly, government regulations allow businesses to remain in the private hands while removing some of the worst abuses of pure capitalism. Extremely wealthy people or companies have the ability to control large sections of the economy because smart business dealings. Only Government involvement can fix that. When a producer has a monopoly, the consumer is no longer autonomous, prices are not set by supply and demand, and therefore the system cannot function effectively. As a mixed economy there is competition between companies but we need government regulation to ensure that these types of monopolies do not exist. A safe amount of government intervention would result in higher incomes, production and employment, which would then lead to expansion. Limited government involvement prevents crises such as inflation, unemployment and depression. Without government the strong will take what they want from the weak and there will be no reason to voluntarily exchange good and services which is the sole purpose of buying and selling. (Harrison, chapter07). Harrison, Brigid C. and Thomas R. Dye. (2008) Power and Society. Cengage Learning. Mason, Ohio

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization to Economy

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization to Economy Introduction Globalization in the world of business is the process of intertwining markets all around the world by means of businesses extending their influence and operation on a global scale driving cross-border trade and investment (The Levin Institute, 2014). It includes the spreading and influencing of â€Å"world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture† (Al-Rodhan, 2006). The rapid advancement of it, aided by the assimilation of global transportation, communication and advancing technology affects the â€Å"environment, culture, political systems, economic development and human physical well beings in societies† they reside in (The Levin Institute, 2014). The act of globalization brings about a wealth of benefits to both guest and host countries worldwide. This includes but not extensively â€Å"employment, education, product quality, cheaper prices, improved communication, transportation, and economic growth through free movement of capital, international trade and GDP increase† (Lovekar, 2013). Although beneficial, it inadvertently also bring about an abundance of detrimental factors. Some major issues comprise â€Å"health issues, loss of culture, uneven wealth distribution, environment degradation, disparity, conflicts†, and many others (Lovekar, 2013). An example being the alluring promise of allowing impoverished countries to develop economically through globalization inadvertently brings about the benefit of low-cost production from a detriment of instituting an under paid labor force. Considering the involvement of factors such as these (which will be further elaborated using various case studies in the report to follow), we can see that developed countries that are the ones leading the charge of globalization, hold the control and power to implement the way globalization is carried out. Therefore these countries should implement the policy on globalization by first taking a bigger step through advancing a deeper knowledge to understanding the impacts, and work towards solving problems and harmonizing the dividends across all parties affected by the monster of globalization (The Levin Institute, 2014). Advantages of globalization International trade International trade has contributed to the growth of U.S. economy in many areas. The export is valued at $2.2 trillion in 2012 and has created up to 38 million job opportunities in the state. This profit made from the trade will inadvertently trickle down the hierarchy and also help to raise the salary and wealth of the people. Looking at the large amount of exports from U.S, we can deduce that international trade has allowed the expansion of business mechanization and the advancement of technology which inadvertently has helped businesses to maintain and keep up with competitors all around the world. As the U.S. Chamber of Commerce (2014) points out, international trade through importing brings in a series of advantages such as providing an increased variety of goods that are not obtainable within the U.S. and make available all year round, products such as harvested crops that are not procurable from the country itself during certain seasons in the year. Moreover, it inadvertently helps to increase the domestic expenditure as they bring competitive prices that raise the spending ability of the regular American, which eventually also contributes to the economy of U.S.. Through importing as well, manufacturing companies are able to purchase raw materials for production that are not readily available in the country and on certain occasions at cheaper rates that will improve the profit margin (U.S.Chamber of Commerce, 2014). Therefore, we can see the importance of international trade and how the opening up of markets to foreign exchange benefits the country, as it allows goods and services to be traded with ease, concurrently increasing job opportunities and boosting economic growth. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Singapore’s Integrated Resorts, Marina bay sands (MBS) and Resorts World Sentosa (RWS) are the main attractions for the tourism industry, and are the results of successful foreign direct investments. The tourism sector with these new attractions have brought in up to 13.2 million visitors and profited from $22.3 billion worth of tourist’s spending in 2011 alone. This has significantly contributed to not only the tourism industry but also to a substantial economic growth in Singapore. The FDI in this establishment of the Integrated Resorts project has contributed up to 40,000 job employments in sectors such as retail and Food and Beverage (FB). It has also trickled down and inadvertently helped to retain Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that are mainly outsourced to provide goods and services to the tourism industry such as transportation, laundry and floral services (Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore, 2012). As shown in the graph by HSBC, FDI increased instead of plummeting during the financial crises and that allowed Singapore to continue to bring up the economy during this time of trouble where it would be overwhelming otherwise. (Singapore Business Review, 2010) Capital flow In 2013 Nestle, originally from Switzerland, expanded its research and development (RD) centre in Singapore. The company invested up to $5 million in this RD expansion and will create up to 20 more jobs while continuing its employment strategy of procuring expertise from a global workforce (Yan, 2013). Its establishment here has brought not only a spike of economic growth during the company’s time here, but also a decent pool of skillful and knowledgeable workers to Singapore’s labor market, and advanced technology in the field that will inadvertently aid in the growth of Singapore’s expertise in the area and provide a larger platform for future expansion. Recently, Nestle has announced that they are going to increase the capital flow by widening its RD project in the form of more â€Å"manpower, resources and investment† (Grosse, 2014). Investments has been pumped into a project to build up food and nutrition RD since January, consisting of a partnership with Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) (Grosse, 2014). With more capital flowing in to invest in such projects, Singapore would definitely benefit from this economic growth. Disadvantages of globalization Human costs Apple is known as the most successful and wealthiest company due to its manufacturing that is done globally. However, what Apple fails to disclose is that the major production of the devices came from China sweatshops. In order to meet the global demands of production set by the management in a given timeframe, workers from the Apple manufacturing factory in Chengdu said that they were forced to work long hours, almost seven days a week, in harsh environments which resulted in the straining of workers’ health. Apart from that, there have been serious cases of abuse such as child labour and inappropriate employee’s welfare. All these factors have concocted a hazardous environment that resulted in two blasts within the manufacturing factory itself, consequently bringing about fatality as no proper safety measurements were taken. Apple at that point in time had a narrow vision of company profit and growth, and that resulted in the company procuring methods that will increase the profit margin regardless of ethics, and one of the targets was low-cost production. This inadvertently brought about the neglect of their 120,000 worker’s welfare (Duhigg and Barboza, 2012). Companies from developed countries tend to take advantage of workers from developing countries in order to meet their aggressive demand. This happens due to racism, the feeling of superiority brought about by the factors such as the workers are a lower class due to the education level of developing countries and even because they are not of their own nationality. Pollution As China is on the rise to become a large economic power, they have inadvertently contributed to a huge environmental impact on the world. China has increasingly become one of the countries chosen by many of its developed counterparts for factory establishment due to its ability to produce goods with low costs. However, with the increased number of factories setting up in China, it has resulted in the release of a huge amount of poisonous industrial gases into the air causing air pollution. In the study by â€Å"The Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences†,the release of such gases is connected to the large exports in China. The pollution has not only affected their neighbouring countries decreasing the quality of air but it has also spread over to the United States, causing haze in the westcoast. In order to curb this pollution created by China, Lane and Stromberg (2014) suggested that it is a necessity for countries to come together and make a stand through subduing â€Å"global political tensions† and the goal of â€Å"short-term economic incentives† that prevents cooperation.And as mentioned in the reading, this increasing rate of the air pollution, would result in the deterioration in the health of the Chinese and eventually the people at the rest of the world. (Lane and Stromberg, 2014) Insecurity and violence China’s recent movement of placing an oil rig near to Vietnam has caused an anti-china riot in Vietnam. This brought up a sensitive issue regarding the ownership of the area in which the oil rig was parked at. The action has since resulted in many Vietnamese protestors reacting violently through the destruction and burning down of many factories that are owned by FDI. As Vietnamese protestors could not differentiate the different nationalities, they unintentionally affected many FDI companies that are actually owned by Taiwanese or South Korean businessmen. Many factories operating in the area were forced to shut down and with businesses continually disrupted the violence caused a huge decline in income. Vietnamese protestors have been known to be targeting and attacking the Chinese employees as well. In which the riots have resulted in almost two fatalities while leaving many other Chinese nationals injured. Due to this continuous violence many Chinese were sent back to China for safety reasons (Whiteman, 2014). With many establishments of FDI businesses in global countries, it will cause its nation people to feel a sense of insecurity of others invading their country. As depicted in the recent China and Vietnam dispute, all it takes is such sensitive matter to spark all these insecurities. Conclusion As mentioned above, globalization has proven to greatly contribute to the country’s economic growth in both developed and developing countries. It has not only created a substantial number of job opportunities around the world, it simultaneously allows the distribution of technology and knowledge between countries that are essential for their economy’s advancement. Globalisation is also a crucial for developing countries as the input from other countries aids in the faster and continuous development of the country. However, while countries are enjoying the fruits of the economy’s growth, there are consequences that appear a result of globalization mostly affecting the developing countries. As mentioned earlier, globalization has resulted in issues such as violating human rights, environment pollution and distrust among countries. With globalization constantly growing and here to stay, more concerns would arise. With the rise of globalization, it has created a disparity between countries in today’s world. This is because while some countries are proving to be hubs where investments continually pour in for that purpose, resulting in rapid economic growth, other countries that are not as attractive and less developed are struggling to keep up. Developing countries are gradually becoming the generator of the developed countries’ economy growth and instead of growing together, the economic gap between these countries continues to widen. A global wealth report in 2013 said that wealthiest 10% of the global population possesses 86% of world’s wealth while the bottom half of the rest possess less than 1%. As compared to developed countries which reports show an average of a $100,000 wealth per person, the standard wealth of each person in the less developed countries was $5,000 or less (Appiah, 2014). In a report from 2012, it is said that the world’s population is made up of 82.5% who resides in less developed countries. This further shows that there are huge gaps in the wealth distribution between the developed and developing countries. It also means globalization while beneficial to the economy of developed countries, is inadvertently creating a larger disparity and straining the economic growth in the developing countries. Furthermore, globalization implicates internal problems within a country to the countries in which their businesses reside in. With the global economy differences, it creates social imbalance where people from both developed and developing countries hold different status and wealth, causing opportunities to be extended out only to the ones who can afford it (Appiah, 2014). Workers from developing countries working for these foreign companies feel that they are of lower status as compared to them. Due to the disparity, people from the developing countries feel disadvantaged and discontentment, which in an extreme example resulted in the act of terrorism, aimed at developed countries (Appiah, 2014). The rise of globalization would also mean more foreign companies establishment in developing countries which will increase a deeper sense of insecurity among its people in these countries. An example would be the significant U.S. September 11 attacks in 2001 whereby the New Yorks World Trad e Center towers were being hit by planes that were hijacked by terrorist which eventually affected the world’s economic and global assurance (BBC, n.d.). Violence is viewed as a repercussion of extensive inequality, affecting and compromising the world’s safety (Appiah, 2014). Therefore, globalization might be beneficial to the developed countries initially. However, with the rise of globalization, it would widen the gap that is of major disadvantage to the world, and this inequality would inadvertently cause tension that will lead to belligerent situations between countries.

Social Darwinism: Herbert Spencer and The Catholic Church Essay

Herbert Spencer was the most important Social Darwinist of the 19th Century. He was the first to begin thinking about evolutionist long before Darwin came out with his book on the "Origins of Species". He had many theories such as that everything evolves from one basic creature and then breaks off into more diverse species (Haberman (Hab.), 171). His theory was that social, political, and intellectual movements were caused by the development from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous. Spencer once stated, "If the advance of man towards greater heterogeneity is traceable to the production of many effects by one cause, still more clearly may the advance of society towards greater heterogeneity be so explained" (Haberman 2 (Hab2)) Spencer believed that governments should not try to change social environment, for it would hamper with processes of nature and individual liberty (Hab). He had a theory that evil would disappear if "every man may claim the fullest liberty to exercise his faculties"(Hab). Although this would onl...

Permissible Violence in the case of Self-Defense :: essays research papers

In Martin Luther King’s essay â€Å"The Ways of Meeting Oppression† and in the text â€Å"Nonviolence†, the term nonviolence is explained as a technique for social struggle. On the other hand, in the reading â€Å"The Black Panther Party for Self- Defense† it is stated that this social struggle doesn’t always carry the same meaning with the term nonviolence. As I agree with Black Panther’s idea, in my essay, I am going to discuss the extent that the black panthers’ resort to violence is justifiable. According to Martin Luther King, there are three ways that oppressed people cope with oppression; Acquiescence, basically where the oppressed get used to being oppressed. Resort to physical violence and corroding hatred, which would bring momentary solutions and establish additional and more complex problems. Nonviolent resistance, that seeks to create a balance between the acquiescence and violence by preventing the extremes and immoralities of both. In the text â€Å"Nonviolence† the term is explained as â€Å"a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that lead its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social and political goals.† (p.1) As King implies, those assumptions does not imply a battle between people but a opposition between justice and injustice and by the help of nonviolent resistance the Negro can fight for equality. The hint is to create effective tactics and considering political and cultural conditions, and develop a better plan or strategy. As the rule of capitalism, the rulers’ power depends on the populace’s power. However, the concept of nonviolence challenges the power of rulers through the intentional removal of this co-operation. As Martin Luther King implies; â€Å"Through nonviolent resistance the Negro will be able to noble height of opposing the unjust system while loving the perpetrators of the system.† (p. 139.) From the beginning, the behaviors of the doers are aimed to be changed. However, because of the rising strength of the violence against the Negro had built the foundation for a self- defense movement to achieve liberation for all Black people, which is called â€Å"The Black Panther Party.† For all the Black people, the party wanted freedom, full employment, an end to the robbery of white people, decent housing, education, being held in prison and jails and being tried in a court by a jury of their peer group. When the topic came to the exemption of Black men from military service and an immediate end to police brutality and murder of Black people it also came to the extent the black panthers’ resort to violence is justifiable.

Labor and the Grievance Process

The history of the grievance process in American history is a lengthy one as it saw its initial origins in the very first labor movements of the 19th century. The growth of organized labor continued for many decades seeing a great deal of its power strengthened during the early Twentieth century as socialist and anarchist groups greatly empowered and organized the movement. With the development of the Labor Relations Board under the New Deal era of the 1930’s, organized labor saw its power solidified in the United States until its eventual decline in the latter half of the 20th century, a steep decline that continues to this very day. The Grievance Procedure, really got a toe hold during World War ll, when the War Labor Board was developed for the purpose of keeping steady employment, minus the threat and practice of strikes, for the purpose of keeping productivity at a peak during the war effort. It was during these years the Grievance Procedure reached its real recognition as means of preventing strikes and at the same time giving the worker an opportunity to air his differences with the employer. Remember back then â€Å"Rosie the Riviter†, had no say in the matter!   Since the years of World War ll, the Grievance Procedure of irreconcilable differences have become nationally recognized method of dealing with labor problems. (Parsons) Rules of employment are meant to be honored by both the employee and management. Management will have certain standards and requirements in order for an employee to remain employed and, conversely, an employee who is part of a collective bargaining unit has the right to expect that management honor the bargaining agreement. When there is an obvious and material breach of the bargaining contract, then it is well within the rights of the employee to file a grievance. The very nature of the fact that the employee has filed a grievance means that at some point there has been a  communication breakdown between management and employee. Furthermore, there must be some legitimate basis for the grievance in order for the union to take up the cause. Many grievances are won or lost in the early stages of the grievance procedure. The steward must understand how the arbitration process works and what is needed to succeed if a grievance goes all the way to a hearing. Proper preparation will result in a higher winning percentage and make presenting the grievance in the arbitration hearing much easier. This course is designed for those who have completed Grievance Handling and/or Steward Training. Topics include: evidence and proof in arbitration; the rules of evidence; gathering and organizing evidence; case analysis and settlement consideration; anatomy of the arbitration hearing; the seven tests of just cause; and how to judge whether the arbitrator's decision runs counter to the purposes of the National Labor Relations Act (Kretchsmar) That is to say, to grieve without a violation of the bargaining contract will render the grievance useless and, ultimately, dismissed. This is why unions are careful to make sure that an actual breach has occurred before pressing forth with a grievance complaint. Now, as to whether or not the grievance procedure is workable or not, this depends on the individuals who are involved. If either management or the union are very stubborn and are prone to interpret the law as the see fit or willfully participate in unfair labor practices, then the entire grievance procedure will be undermined by the incompetent actions of the individuals who are taking part in the process. In a way, the grievance process as it relates to labor in the United States is both a simple and complex issue that can be viewed by various facets. If one were to judge whether or not the overall scope of the grievance process has been successful, the answer would be yes as the United States has produced some incredible private sector success stories that involved helped from organized labor. Bibliography Badger, John. The New Deal: The Depression Years. Chicago: Ivan R Dee Publishing, 2002. Kretchsmar, John. (2006) â€Å"Labor Workshops.† Retrieved 11 February 2007. http://www.unomaha.edu/~wbils/labor2.html Parsons, Tony. (1999) â€Å"Defending Worker Rights.† Retrieved 11 February 2007. ; ;

Life of Pi: the Good Kind of Lie

Sometimes a lie is better than the truth. Now I’m not saying that you should lie to your parents about the dent on their car or lie to your friends about getting lucky with that girl last weekend, but every so often a situation comes along in which a small fabrication will better warrant the situation. In the novel Life of Pi, the author Yann Martel tells a fantastic story about a young boy at sea, trapped on a lifeboat with a 450lb Bengal tiger. During their journey, the unlikely castaways face an epic adventure of survival; crossing paths with such characters as a homicidal hyena, a motherly orangutan, a dead on arrival zebra, and a French blind cannibal. In the end the two find sanctuary after 227 days upon their arrival to the coast of Mexico. Now I know what you’re thinking. â€Å"This sounds pretty unbelievable†. Well you’re right to think so, but the truth in this case, is something you’re better off not knowing. The end of the novel brings about the knowledge that the animals in the story were in fact people and their grim deaths, including that of his mother, Pi had witnessed. Given the setting, this shouldn’t be seen as a lie, but rather as story telling. The act of story telling is a great thing. It can drum up adventure in the heart of the audience, make you feel a great deal of emotion for someone you’ve never met or isn’t even real, but to some it is a way to cope with an occurrence in which the truth is too terrible to deal with. We’ve always been taught never to lie and therefore it is an act that is seen as wrong be any means, however, given the right circumstances telling a lie, whether it be to yourself or to others, is the best possible way to avoid a traumatic experience of the past. Throughout the story Pi tells the more enjoyable version of his story, though the realization of this does not occur to the reader until the end of the novel. Through retrospection it is easy to see the fiction and the significance it holds. To the best of my knowledge the first part of the story appears to all be true, however, in this segment Pi does find way to state his distaste for those who only wish to believe what can be proven true and logical. The best example can be found in chapter 22 in its entirety. Being a strong believer in God, so much so that he embraces three of His religions, it is surprising that Pi can easily accept the choices of Atheists, but denounce those who are agnostic (those who don’t know who to side on the subject). Chapter 22 reads, â€Å"I can well imagine an atheists last words: , â€Å"White, white! L-L-Love! My God! —and the deathbed leap of faith. Whereas the agnostic, if he stays true to his reasonable self, if he stays beholden to dry, yeastless factuality, might try to explain the warm light bathing him by saying, â€Å"possibly a f-f-failing oxygenation of the b-b-brain,† and, to the very end, lack imagination and miss the better story. †(Martel 80) Pi describes factuality as dry and yeastless, further strengthening the readers understanding of how he feels about logical facts. The second part of this quote that is significant is his use of the phrase â€Å"the better story†. Showing that what isn’t real is often the ‘better’. With the end of Part One of the novel comes then end of what’s real and transitions into fiction. Since the second part of the story is a fabrication in its entirety, it seems redundant to try to state the many times when fiction trumps over the truth. Instead, it seems that the better idea would be to pinpoint the section where Pi is driven to admit the truth behind his adventure at sea. The best examples of the fact vs. fiction theme come after a lengthy interrogation on Pi by Two Japanese men who represent the company who owned the freighter which was transporting Pi and his family across the ocean. After being asked the true nature of his story one too many times Pi finally broke the ice with the simple question, â€Å"So you want another story? † (380) This was then followed by the significant statement, â€Å"The world isn’t just the way it is. It is how we understand it, no? And in understanding something, we bring something to it, no? Doesn’t that make life a story? † through examination of this comment it is found that he means that life is just a story told by the storyteller. Pi is saying that he willing to tell the to representatives the real story, but in knowing the real story they are missing out on the previously discussed â€Å"better story†. He brings this up further with the quote, â€Å"I know what you want. You want a story that won’t surprise you. That will confirm what you already know. That won’t make you see higher or further or differently. You want a flat story. An immobile story. You want dry, yeastless factuality. † (381) It’s obvious that Pi is warning the two men once more that the truth isn’t always what you want to hear and also further representing the theme of truth vs. iction. Though this novel is filled with different themes, and many of those who read it speculate on which is the main theme. I believe that the theme of the importance of story telling is without a doubt, Yann Martel’s main point that he tries to get across to the reader. He makes it evident in all parts of the story and the twist at the end is based on the subject. In all it is important to remember that lying is bad, but sometimes the truth is too. Storytelling is a healthy medium between the two and can even help to cope with the most traumatic of experiences.

Distance learning Essay

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (1999) of the U. S. Department of Education, technological innovations especially in information and communications technology (ICT) has precipitated a revolution in the delivery of distance learning education, especially in the postsecondary level of education. To argue that distance learning education has come to stay and has changed perceptions and attitudes of education delivery is perhaps one without contention. Management guru, Peter Drucker has even gone as far as to say traditional on-campus university education will be defunct in 30 years. Focussing of three seminal areas of advantage – flexibility and convenience, resource cost, and accessibility – this paper will argue that earning a degree through distance learning education is better than through a traditional institution. One of the fundamental advantages that distance learning degree programs have over residential on-campus programs is flexibility and convenience. For me, location is one of the most important considerations for choosing a degree program. Questions like: Do I really want to relocate to earn a degree? Will I like my new location? nd Will I get a visa to travel to this location to study for a degree? are important considerations that I will have to deal with when choosing an on-campus degree program. These considerations helped me in choosing to do a degree program in law by distance study. My choice of a distance study program made it convenient for me to stay in my own locality while still having access to quality education that is commensurate with on-campus equivalents. Moreover, a lot of distance learning programs come with the benefit of self pacing one’s education; a benefit which I had by pursuing my law degree as a distance study student. My schedule allowed me to complete the course in two years and I was able to plan my education to fit into my schedule without any major disruptions. Thus, apart from being able to earn a degree, I had the advantage of not putting on hold other things that are equally important to me. Family and career commitments for example, did not have to suffer because I had chosen to earn a degree. With distance learning education, I was able to conveniently earn a degree in the comfort of my home. The fear of resigning from a permanent job to study and the financial and career implications of such a decision did not arise at all. More importantly, as my present career is in the area of my study, it gave me the opportunity to readily apply the knowledge gained in my distance learning education to my work. Consequently, I had greater opportunities of upward mobility in my career aspirations than I would have had if I had studied through the traditional on-campus method. Another major advantage I had by earning my degree by distance learning is the fact that it is more cost effective in comparison to traditional on-campus university education. I was able to utilise time more effectively when studying for my degree through distance learning education. The time I would have spent commuting to lectures was spent more usefully to study. Apart from the time constraints that on-campus programs are plagued with, commuting also brings additional financial cost. This was not a problem for me as I studied at home. Furthermore, fees for distance learning programs tend to be lower than on-campus programs as the distance learning student does not use the physical facilities of the institution providing the degree program. In my specific situation, I paid less for accessing the same quality of education I would have had if I had studied on an on-campus program. The cost of maintaining expensive on-campus facilities will invariably be passed on to the on-campus student. One of the most important considerations for on-campus students is accommodation. If one has a family and is studying far from one’s family home, the most obvious solution would be to maintain two separate accommodations. For parents financing their children’s on-campus university education, they may be paying for two accommodations at the same time – the family accommodation, and their children’s on-campus accommodation. This duplication of expenditure was unnecessary in my case as I studied from home. Thus with distance learning education, one can have access to the same quality of on-campus education at a much reduced resource cost. Evidently, there are so many advantages that can be argued in favour of distance study education. However, for the specific purposes of this paper, the final consideration that will be argued in favour of distance learning education is the better level of accessibility to course moderators and tutors. One of the increasingly pervasive features of distance learning education is the availability of a personal tutor. While studying by distance education for example, I had access to a personal tutor who I could contact through various communication devices like email and telephone. Thus though the argument may be made that on-campus programs offer a personal touch to the learning process, this is not lost in distance learning education. The issue of spontaneity in response to questions have been said to be an advantage of on-campus education over distance learning education. On closer scrutiny however, it can be realised that this advantage is perhaps even greater in certain circumstances when one is studying by distance study. In the first place, ICT makes it possible for communication to be instantaneous and as such, spontaneity is no longer an exceptional feature of on-campus education. If I had a question, I easily called my personal tutor and he discussed the question with me. Also, through the use of web technologies like discussion forums, and discussion boards, in-depth discussions amongst course participants were held online and this greatly enhanced my learning process. The use of personal tutors in a lot of distance study programs also makes it possible for peculiar educational needs to be addressed in a customized manner. Also, the accessibility that distance learning education brings makes it possible for more people to earn quality education on a wider scale than would have been possible through traditional institutional means. The use of revolutionary open source online learning programs like Moodle breaks the restrictions that are associated with accessing traditional on-campus degree programs. A global community can thus access distance learning degree programs that they would have otherwise not been able to access. The above presentation has advanced the advantages that earning a degree by distance learning education has over traditional on-campus degree programs. This paper has considered three key advantages – convenience and flexibility, resource cost, and accessibility – while conceding that the considered areas reflect only a limited perspective of the colossal advantages that distance learning education has over traditional on-campus programs. In conclusion, it is again affirmed that based on the justifications and advantages adduced, limited though they may be, earning a degree by distance learning education is far better than earning a degree through the traditional institution system.

Recruitment and Selection Practices in a Selected Organisation Essay

The purpose of this business report is to assess and evaluate the organisation’s recruitment and selection strategy and make constructive recommendations for the improvement of the organisation’s recruitment and selection process. Both interview questions and a questionnaire were used to research and gather information about the organisation’s strategy for recruitment and selection. In the first instance, the organisation was contacted and a meeting arranged with the HR manager. At this meeting, the HR manager provided me with background information regarding the organisation and completed the questionnaire that had been prepared. After the meeting, the information from the questionnaire was analysed and subsequently a set of interview questions was developed. One week later, upon return to the organisation, a structured interview was conducted with the HR manager, with the goal to collect more in-depth information about the organisation and its processes for recruitment and selection. Several issues were identified that the organisation needs to address in the recruitment and selection process. Recruitment preparation needs to have a clear method of communicating requests for vacant or new positions — such as a requisition form or memo. Employment agencies are a beneficial source to use for employing low skilled workers on a temporary basis, in order to keep the workflow uninterrupted, therefore, maintaining acceptable productivity, and lower staff turnover. Metropolitan daily newspapers are a good way of attracting suitable professional candidates for vacant positions. Advertising internally to fill positions and having a structured interview helps ensure that the right applicant is matched with the right job. Advertising internally also helps increase commitment amongst employees. Finally, by developing an orientation program and implementing it with new employees, the organisation can decrease staff turnover and increase commitment. Journal of Management Practice, 4(1), 166-177 Â © Penny Clark Recruitment & Selection Clarke 1 Purpose of the Report The purpose of the business report is to examine and assess the organisation’s strategy for recruitment and selection. An attempt to establish what level of understand ing the organisation has of the recruitment and selection process is carried out. In addition, the current strategy and processes used to implement recruitment and selection in the organisation is being assessed. Finally, recommendations will be made based on the information gathered, whilst taking into consideration the current economic climate and the availability of suitable resources. 1. 2 Sources of Information The information used to write this business report came from several sources. One such source was a personal communication with the Managing Director. The major source used was the organisation’s HR manager. This consisted of one informal discussion with the HR manager, in addition to a scheduled meeting and a planned interview. Two different types of research tools were used to obtain the information required to prepare this business report. The first was a questionnaire that was developed and subsequently completed by the HR manager. The other research tool used was a set of interview questions that had been compiled. These questions were asked of the HR manager during the planned interview. 1. 3 Scope of the Report The business report covers two main areas of the organisation’s strategy for recruitment and selection.

The characters are irresponsible dreamers – The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby is an effective novel in epitomising the relentless struggle of many to achieve the American dream. The economic boom and the radical change in society following the First World War may have contributed largely to the idea of the American dream. Fitzgerald portrayed in The Great Gatsby the stark contrast between the rich and the poor whilst revealing a common similarity – a hope in attaining the American dream. The novel follows the dreams of members of entirely separate social classes and encapsulates the thwarted dreams of both the prosperous and the underprivileged, through immoral and irresponsible actions. Overall, it can be said that The Great Gatsby summarises the way in which society's definition of the American dream morphed from that of achieving happiness to acquiring monetary effects. Daisy Buchanan can be regarded as one of the foremost ‘irresponsible dreamers' in the novel. Her personality appears to reflect that of a child's. She often acts fickle, immature and is constantly seeking attention. An example of this is on page 15 where Nick mentions â€Å"I've heard it said that Daisy's murmur was only to make people lean toward her. † Her childish attributes may have contributed to her irresponsible nature. After meeting Gatsby, Daisy begins to view everything in a romantic light. She whispers to Gatsby about wanting to â€Å"just get one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around† (page 101). Her relationship with Gatsby seems to have a tinge of fantasy, almost as if she is more interested in getting away from reality than being in a relationship with him. Daisy's affair with Gatsby can be said to be irresponsible as she is both a wife and a mother. Also, her decision to have an affair might possibly have stemmed from the anger and jealousy she felt in knowing about Tom's infidelity. The death of Myrtle and the events that followed showed readers just how irresponsible Daisy's character is. Despite that ultimately, Daisy was responsible for the death of Myrtle, she appeared unremorseful in leaving blame to Gatsby. This is evident when Fitzgerald writes â€Å"But she and Tom had gone away, early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them† (pg 171). This line immediately shows readers that Daisy may have felt little guilt at leaving Gatsby behind to deal with the aftermath of Myrtle's death. The â€Å"baggage† that the pair had taken with them implies that they are leaving for a prolonged amount of time and also that Tom and Daisy may have spent time planning their leave. Daisy's refusal of accepting her part in Myrtle's death shows elements of moral decay of the '20's society. On a larger scale, it can be suggested that Daisy and Tom embody the affluent old aristocracy, a society that could effectively avoid responsibility for their actions through their shield of abundant wealth and high status. Daisy, in particular reflects the quintessential example of the American dream- she had inherited her wealth, is married to an equally wealthy man and rotates in the circles of the upper class society. On the other hand, readers can argue that at the end of the novel, Daisy made the responsible decision of staying with Tom, saving her marriage and her daughter and can therefore be forgiven for her previous actions. Myrtle's character represents the average working class citizen of America. However, her affair with Tom grants her a few of the luxuries that other ordinary working class citizens would not be able to attain. For example, she says â€Å"I'd like to get one of those police dogs† (page 33). This extract shows that with the advantage of Tom's wealth, Myrtle can afford to be fickle. Her irresponsibility lies with her belief of a rise in social standing through her relationship with Tom. Her attitude to others of her own class, changes, perhaps signifying a corruption of innocence. When Tom and Myrtle host a party in their apartment, Myrtle acts in a patronising manner towards Mrs McKee, rejecting her compliments and offering Mrs McKee her clothes (page 37 and 42). Fitzgerald may have written it to show that the American dream was not necessarily morally justified, for when Myrtle achieved aspects of the American dream – wealth – she behaved haughtily. However, readers may argue that Myrtle was not irresponsible, as she was only pursuing the chance for a better life. Myrtle may have seen her affair with Tom as a means of obtaining this â€Å"better life† and so her actions were justifiable. Her death represents the slow disintegration of the American dream. Its abruptness could possibly symbolise the abrupt economic boom (and later the abrupt economic bust), and the end of the American dream for both Myrtle and the working class society. In Gatsby, it is clear Fitzgerald has embodied the true American dream. Gatsby's climb from humble beginnings to owning a huge mansion, a successful business and a Rolls Royce displays to readers the ideal form of the American dream. However, it is also apparent that Gatsby acts in irresponsible ways. His chief aim appeared to be to win back Daisy. Gatsby says on page 117 â€Å"Can't repeat the past? (†¦ ) of course you can! † This belief showed readers that Gatsby was perhaps in denial that Daisy had moved on from him, and had a separate life from him. He had toiled for five years to be able to present to Daisy a worthy partner in himself, arguably an irresponsible act as it was inevitable that after five years, Daisy would have moved on. Fitzgerald also ties in the theme of time with Gatsby. Fitzgerald writes â€Å"the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head† (page 93). This line could represent Gatsby's strong conviction in repeating the past, whereas the clock tilting dangerously could perhaps be a dangerous indication of the tragedy to come. Another form of Gatsby's irresponsibility is in his strong loyalty to Daisy, despite the fact that she is married to another man. Ironically, his loyalty to her proved to be his destruction as he takes the blame for Myrtle's death and therefore was murdered by Wilson. Like Myrtle, Gatsby proves to be a victim of the American dream, and like Myrtle, his death could perhaps represent the disintegration of the American dream. Additionally, Fitzgerald's detailed description of the preparation of Gatsby's parties at the beginning of Chapter 3 could perhaps have been to illustrate Gatsby's extravagance in trying to win over Gatsby. This could perhaps be regarded as wasteful and irresponsible of Gatsby by readers. However, it can be argued that Gatsby was influenced by his love for Daisy and therefore his extravagance was justified. It is suggested in the novel that Gatsby made his wealth through engaging in criminal activities. However, as it is not directly mentioned, it cannot entirely be regarded as another of his irresponsible actions. In general, it can be said that Gatsby's irresponsibility stemmed from his pursuit of Daisy's love, and so readers are often more empathetic towards him than any other character in the novel. Moreover, Gatsby's representation of the American dream appeared to be the only one that did not centralise on monetary gain – another aspect that draws sympathy from readers on his death. To an extent, it can be agreed that the characters are irresponsible dreamers. Readers however, may be at a disagreement over which character holds the biggest responsibilities. Daisy can be seen as one of the most irresponsible characters as she played a great role in the death of Myrtle and therefore her action had a greater consequence. The American dream also plays a part in the irresponsibility of characters as it is often their pursuit of their dreams that leads them to make immoral and irresponsible decisions. Fitzgerald's depiction of the â€Å"roaring twenties† and the unprecedented distribution of wealth revealed an alarming aftermath of social and moral decay.

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Police Corruption - Essay Example This way of thinking that concentrates on ritual and continuation of graft creates an environment in which anti-graft, embezzlement, fraud and corruption programs are seen as being radical encroachments on the status quo. Officers may find examples of their morality may be more prone to give an accounting of their personal beliefs than what they see to be a proscribed function of weighing behavior by a set standard. The idea behind the slippery slope is a metaphor—the first step taken on a slippery surface causes problems which tend to snowball, in a relationship that can simply be described as cause and effect. #2 The society-at-large hypothesis assumes that the problems which lead to corruption come from an external source. For example, if a police department is located in a particularly rough city, during a particularly rough time period economically, and there is a lack of leadership and corruption even at the highest offices in the country, the police department becomes a microcosm of a corrupt society. It becomes a reflection of this external corruption. The rotten apple hypothesis states that the police officers hired by a police department are the cause of corruption. The society-at-large hypothesis was external; this is an internal consideration. â€Å"The rotten apple hypothesis is that there is low criterion for the cops hired. This leads to law enforcement’s not being trustable and being bad natured sometimes being a side of the police force. To prevent this, one must do a thorough background screening of the officer being hired† (Buckosh, 2010). The common saying is that â€Å"a few rotten apples spoil the whole bunch.† In other words, a minority of corrupt officers may give the whole department a bad name. The affliction hypothesis is also external. â€Å"The structural or affliction hypothesis is a similar factor to the society at large, where it is forced ethics

MSc personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MSc personal statement - Essay Example The main reason for my application for this particular programme of study is related to my academic experiences whilst reading Biochemistry at Imperial College and in particular the specific modules of personal interest to me, Molecular Biology and Molecular Cell Biology. Moreover, driven by my interest in microbiology, I studied Molecular Basis of Bacterial Infection as one of my final year modules, which gave me an understanding of some of the fundamental principles of infectious diseases and molecular mechanisms used by specific bacteria during infection. Based on this, as well as my intrinsic interest for this research area, I believe that I possess the inherent tools required to build on and enhance my comprehension of the role of Virologists during the taught MSc course, tools prerequisite for working in the pharmaceutical industry. I have always held a keen interest in infectious agents and have directed my studies so far towards achieving success within this important area of study. My final year literature research project was based on the prevalent human pathogen Chlamydia.

Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates Essay

Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates - Essay Example Kangaroo Care and Reduced Risk for Preterm Neonates The articles were similar in that both used samples of pretern infants and neither one directly targeted neonatal mortality of preterm infants. But, indirectly, they did. The first study was interested in how Kangaroo Care furthered breastfeeding after discharge from the hospital. This is because breastfeeding significantly reduces risk of illness and infant mortality. It follows logically then, that if Kangaroo Care can encourage longer breastfeeding, then it is a tool in reducing risk for illness and mortality in the preterm baby. The Norwegian study was interested in boosting the efficacy of Kangaroo care, by using another promising treatment, music therapy. The research assumptions are different in that the first one considered breastfeeding as a key to the reduced risk of preterm infants illness and mortality, while the Norwegian study hypothesized that the supplementation of Kangaroo Care would probably be important, and they collected physiological data which confirmed this. The findings for the first study were most significant for the very preterm infants, the most vulnerable of the babies. Those mothers who were still breastfeeeding 5 or 6 months after discharge from the hospital were those who had spent the most time doing Kangaroo Care with their baby, in the hospital. Kangaroo Care cayses breastfeeding to happen for a longer time over-all. Breastfeeding lowers the risk of infant mortality and contributes to good health, so these are pretty exciting findings, especially because the findings were strongest for the infants at most risk. That Kangaroo Care encourages continued breastfeeding is a finding confirmed by Gouchon et al. (Gouchon, Gregori, Picotto, Patrucco, Nangeroini, & Di Giulio, 2010) in their study with cesarean neonates. Gregson and Blackson (Gregson & Blackson, 2011) also conducted a research study which confirmed this finding on Kangaroo Care and improved breastfeeding rates and duration. The findings for the Norwegian study included decreased pulse rate, slowed respiration, increased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and more stable blood pressure for those neonates who received the dual

Reading with Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading with Awareness - Essay Example As a freshman, I was afraid that this would prove to be an insurmountable obstacle in my pursuit of academic excellence. However, I have been very fortunate in overcoming this handicap, and making great strides in improving my command of the English language, in quite a short period of time. Of course, I have put in a lot of hard work, and can take credit for being an A student. But this would never have been possible without the strengthening of my English comprehension and writing skills. I am deeply aware that my success is in large part due to my enrollment in the Introduction to College Level Reading and Writing course. The factors which facilitated my improvement are the gradual progression from simple texts to more complex ones, the application of critical thinking, the adoption of thesis-based writing techniques, and the awareness of my learning processes. The gradual progression from simple texts to more complex ones has been a great facilitator in my path to the mastery of the English language, particularly in my writing of the essay, â€Å"The Stories Can Save Us†. If I had been plunged into a complex essay, such as Heroes, in the very beginning, I would definitely have been tempted to throw up my hands! My confidence would have been eroded, and it would have made the course very stressful. Beginning with the simpler essays, such as the Advertisement, was a great way to gradually lead me into deeper waters. This gave me the breathing space to consolidate the gains I have made in English, to gradually add to my vocabulary, and to take time to absorb the significance of my reading material. What is even more important to me, this gradual progression has helped me to learn to enjoy English writing, without it becoming a tedious classroom chore. The application of critical thinking to my reading followed from my growing confidence. What at first appeared to be just straightforward stories, changed contour with repeated reading. I have learned not to take any writing at face value: just as the story of The Emperor’s New Clothes cautions people to think for themselves. My instructor’s guidance has made me understand that there are several messages the writer conveys through a story, and an in-depth study is necessary to make these messages evident. I have learnt to ask questions regarding what the author is trying to say, the motives behind the writing, different shades of meaning, the importance of things left unsaid, and the use of different writing techniques to achieve the desired effect in a story. In short, I have learnt to ask the question, â€Å"Why?† when I read. This has made my reading a much richer experience than it was before I started this course. The adoption of thesis-based writing techniques has been a major gain for me. Earlier, I have been accustomed to putting down my thoughts on paper, as and how these occurred to me. Writing within the framework of a thesis has given my essays and re search papers a clarity that has lifted them to the next level. I continue to be amazed at the difference that can be made by adhering to the simple structure of an introductory paragraph with a clear thesis, body paragraphs, and the conclusion. This structure has given coherence to my writing, helped me to write logically, and taught me how to build up and substantiate my point of view. This was my main strength in writing the essay, â€Å"The Stories Can Save Us†. I must acknowledge that the awareness of my learning process was made possible only through my continuous interaction with my instructor. Although I was conscious, in a very general way, of the great improvement I was making

The Claims of Liberation Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Claims of Liberation Theology - Essay Example This means that the liberation theology of a Gustavo Gutirrez is substantially the same as that of a Christian laborer in northeastern Brazil. The basic content is the same. The sap that feeds the branches of the tree is the same sap that passes through the trunk and rises from the hidden roots underground. The distinction between the levels is in their logic, but more specifically in their language. Theology can be more or less articulate; popular theology will be expressed in everyday speech, with its spontaneity and feeling, whereas professional theology adopts a more scholarly language, with the structure and restraint proper to it. It is not hard to see what liberation theology is when one starts at its roots-that is, by examining what the base communities do when they read the Bible and compare it with the oppression and longing for liberation in their own lives. But this is just what professional liberation theology is doing: it is simply doing it in a more sophisticated way. On the middle level, pastoral theology uses a language and approach that draw on both the ground level and the scholarly level. Truth, in the Bible, includes fidelity, justice, and firmness. ... The fulfillment takes place in history, and thus, God appears truthful through history. Christ is the fulfillment of the Father's promise which makes us his children in him. This is according to the acts and words of Jesus. The Father fulfills his promise in the death and resurrection of Jesus. To be a Christian is to accept that the promise begins to be fulfilled and realized in a historical context. In the Bible, the act of knowing is not relegated to a purely intellectual level. There exists contemporary yearn for a mechanical correspondence in the relationship between knowing and transforming and living a truth which verifies itself in history. Nevertheless, the cultural world in which we live allows us to discover a starting point and a horizon in which we can delineate a theological reflection which must appeal to its own sources. The theology of liberation differs from such theologies as those of development, revolution, and violence not only in a different analysis of reality based on more universal and radical political options, but above all, in the very concept of the task of theology. The theology of liberation does not intend to provide Christian justification for positions already taken and does not aim to be a revolutionary Christian ideology. It is a reflection which makes a start with the historical praxis of people. It seeks to rethink the faith from the perspective of that historical praxis, and it is based on the experience of the faith derived from the liberating commitment. For this reason, this theology comes only after that involvement; the theology is always a second act. (Bonino, 1975, 109-14) Its themes are, therefore, the great themes of all true

How the marketing of services differs from the marketing of products Essay

How the marketing of services differs from the marketing of products - Essay Example How the marketing of services differs from the marketing of products? When conducting the marketing of services, it is vital to depict the processes and proof of the service so that customers can have a positive image about the reliability of the services. Positive images and expectations allow the element of perceived value to be built in the consumer’s mind. In marketing products, there is no proof required as the product is something tangible that can be analyzed before buying and has the option of being returned if customers are not satisfied with it. For products, customers may be willing to pay a price before even viewing the actual price and this is based on the value perceived by the customer for the product. In products marketing, the price and benefits of the product is stated in the advertisement. In services marketing, it should be ensured to the customer that the service would be consistent and is going to meet the needs of the customer. Then the customer develops the perceived value for the service. Product pricing includes the material cost, the cost of distribution and the cost of manufacturing. The pricing of services include cost of offsite manufacturing and the traveling cost can be included if implied. The low cost in service pricing allows the firms to invest more in the service advertisements. In marketing the products and services, the place element of the marketing mix depends upon the type of products and services being offered. The products sold in retail outlets need to be in convenient location for the customers. For services, the place may not matter to the consumers.

Assingment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 3 - Assignment Example A favorable relationship allows the manager to have a task structure that is highly formed and he is able to punish or reward the employees. An unfavorable relationship is usually associated with a poor task structure and the leader has limited authority. 3) Positioning power-, this variable usually measures the amount of power and authority that a manager perceives the organization has granted him for the purpose of rewarding, directing, and punishing of subordinates. Positioning of managers usually depends on the increment of the decision making power of employees. Path goal is a theory that was developed in order to describe the way leaders are able to support and encourage their followers in the achievement of goals that have been set by making the path of success easy and clear (House, 1996). The leader in this case is supposed to, This type of leadership involves the consideration of the follower’s needs, showing concern for their wellbeing and the creation of a working environment that is friendly. This will include the increment of the self-esteem for the followers and enhancing job roles to make work more interesting. This usually works best in a scenario whereby the work is hazardous, boring, or stressful. Directive leadership is the kind of leadership whereby the leader tells the followers what is supposed to be done and helps in guiding them along the way. This will include schedules for specific work and specific time. This involves the consultation of followers and asking for ideas and considering them in the process of decision-making. This approach usually works best in a situation whereby the followers are experts in a certain field. This involves the setting up of goals that are challenging for self-improvement and at work. In this case, high standards are usually expected and demonstrated. The leader should show faith in capabilities of the follower. This approach is best in a complex job

Examining Visual Identity of logo example Essay Example for Free

Examining Visual Identity of logo example Essay Today’s business world is moving at a fast pace and is ever changing, strong corporate identity and corporate image is increasingly necessary to any organization to succeed by embracing this dynamism (Stevenson, Christensen, 2001, PP. 231). Our society is moving at a fast rate than ever witnessed on the globe and many businesses places the human capital and consumer at the center of success strategy. Therefore, to achieve this success effect to the business, effective visual communication through the use of static and dynamic graphics; typography, color, and symbols are used to convey facts, concepts and emotions to the consumers and other stakeholders. This make up systematic graphic design that is information oriented, which helps customer base understand complex information and identify the company’s products that can be translated to profits (Stevenson, Christensen, 2001, PP. 290). In this regard, the logo example in form of an apple fruit is to Apple Computer Inc. the logo is such a familiar one, since it is on the digital and music products that I have interacted with. These products are Cinema Display, iPod, iPhone, Apple TV which are dominant to the young persons, while other products where the logo is displayed are Apple software, Mac, Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, iLife, iWork and AirPort. Apart from the products of the Apple Inc. company, the logo is placed on entrance of organization’s corporate headquarters in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. Since it is founding in early 1976, Apple computer Inc. has revolutionized personal computing. Additionally, Apple has introduced amazing and wonderful products that have gone beyond technological boundaries. Thorough its attributing innovativeness in computer brands, Apple has become one of the world’s major computer brands in line with IBM, Microsoft, HP and Canon. Beneath Apple excellent brand performance and recognition globally, lies a powerful corporate identity facilitated by its well designed and unique logo. Apple logo is unique, in such a way that it does not bear any writings as many logos are and uses a bitten out apple fruit on the right side instead of a full fruit (Thomas, 2005). Yet, the Apple logo is one of the most recognized corporate symbols in the world of computer and digital business. Over the years since invention of the first logo in early 1976, Apple logo has undergone a revolution to capture the market corporate identity needs. Wayne and Jobs designed first Apple logo that depicted a graphic design of Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree with words inscribed stating that â€Å"Newton a mind forever voyaging through strange seas of thought† with ‘Apple Computer Co’ (table1. figure 1). This first logo to be used by Apple company, was designed by artistic skills of human person through hand as computers that are dominantly used in our present days were not yet invented. However, the company logo was later changed in late 1976 by designer Rob Janoff of the Regis McKenna Agency designed an iconic logo of an apple with the bite out on right side and with rainbow colors; simply rainbow apple (table1. figure 2). This design greatly relied on the attribute and commemoration to Isaac Newtons discoveries of the gravity (the apple), and the separation of light by prisms (the colors) in scientific technological world (Thomas, 2005, p. 225). The rainbow logo apple was used up to 1998, when the logo appeared in many bright colors; whereby the logo example presented in this case with aqua color scheme was famous among all brightly colored logos of Apple Inc. (table1. figure 3). This aqua color scheme logo was used up to the year 2005, when Apple Inc. discontinued the use of bright colors (Thomas, 2005, p. 204). At present the logo in use have white and raw-aluminum color schemes (table1. figure 4) that result to silvery chrome finish that fit ideally. After revamping the Apple Inc. logo design, the logo freshens up the icon and is consistent with the design scheme. Therefore, making the Apple logo acceptable and endorsed not only by me as a consumer of Apple music products, but also the consumer base and critics world wide. Ideally, the logo design of Apple computer Inc. fit with the services and products it offers to the digital market. This is in the sense that, iconic logo of an apple with the bite out on right side is linked by many visual communication scholars to mathematician Alan Turning who was the father of modern computer who committed suicide by biting into cyanide laced apple. Most significantly the bite is projection and indication of byte vs. bite (Thomas, 2005, p. 304). Furthermore, a rainbow colored Apple logo was used to advertise the color capability of the Apple II computer and the product ‘Macintosh’ refers to a particular variety of an apple. Indeed, the firm is one of a few success stories in the corporate world with Market capital of US$86.3 billion, Revenue of US$32. 48 billion, Operating income US$6. 28 billion , Net income US$4. 83 billion with 14. 88% profit margin and a capacity of 28,000 Employees as indicated by a quarterly financial rep[ort of year 2008. Table1. Apple Inc. logos Figure1: First design Figure2: Rainbow apple logo Figure3:Monochrome Figure4: Silvery chrome . Reference Stevenson, A. , Christensen, L. (2001). â€Å"Corporate identity and corporate image revisited†: European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 35, p. 292-328 Thomas, H. (2005). â€Å"Birth of the PowerBook: How Apple took over the portable market†: Low End Mac, 2005-11-23.

Inculturation In Contemporary Mission Theology Religion Essay

Inculturation In Contemporary Mission Theology Religion Essay This assignment will explore the place of inculturation in contemporary mission by defining mission in the present world and exploring how the various aspects of mission are affected by mission and the origins of the word inculturation. There will also be exploration into the ethics of inculturation in mission and an exploration of the biblical perspective of mission. The assignment will consider whether inculturation is part of the Missio Dei. This assignment will focus on inculturation in the western world as inculturation is most important when applied to a post-Christondom society as these are the lease likely to have a view on God. It is also more likely to be within the interest of the target audience for this essay. There is considerable controversy surrounding the meaning of the term inculturation. The relationship between gospel and cultures is recognised as  a crucial question for Christian mission.  [1]  Ã‚  The two main words used when relating culture with the Gospel and these are contextualisation and inculturation. These terms differ only by a matter of perspective contextualisation is to make the Gospel relevant to the culture and inculturation is the perspective of the Gospel represented within those situations. The Gospel is communicated in and through language, symbols, music, traditions, and customs. In other words, the Gospel is communicated through culture. This is where inculturation begins. Each of the four gospels was written for a specific culture. For example, the gospel of Matthew was written for Jewish communities. The Gospel message transforms the world and continues to be inculturated in different times and places (Matthew 5.1-16). Among the problems vexing modern missiology is the urgent need for adaptation, both due to declining congregations in the post-Christendom era and because of the constant need for adaptation to promote acceptance of faith. Mission partners are told to adjust themselves to the people whom they labour.  [2]  This is the product of inculturation. The making of disciples is a process that begins at the point of conversion, but continues long after it, for the entirety, one could argue, of a Christians life. The International Standard Dictionary Bible Dictionary defines disciples thus: after the death and ascension of Jesus, disciples are those who confess Him as the Messiah.  [3]  The process of becoming a disciple thus begins with a confession of faith, but must continue as part of the Body of Christ, and in the Church. The term winning souls implies in itself an eschatological view of salvation, and places a heavier emphasis on life in Christ after the resurrection of the dead than life in Christ in this world. In principle salvation is the effect on the soul of a conversion to Christianity. There is, however, a distinction to be made between saving and winning souls. Whilst the former has a firmly eschatological meaning, the latter is more ambiguous. It is therefore imperative that the motives of the church are clear; namely, from what are these souls being saved from? Butler describes American culture as something that people need to be saved from.  [4]   The practice of Paul laid out in 1 Corinthians 9:22 is that Christianity appeared to those on the outside of faith to adapt to the circumstances in which they find those to whom they are preaching. The word inculturation is of recent coinage and has rapidly been accepted within theological debate.  [5]  This would appear to imply that it meets a need identified recently and that there is general agreement on its significance within contemporary mission that it is a vital component to successful mission both when inculturation is naturally occurring and when it is formulated for the purpose. Academics agree that the message of the New Testament entails mission. Passages such as Matthew 28:18-20 and Mark 16:15-16 are usually referred to by scholars as the Great Commission.  [6]  Due to this the Church of Jesus has a mandate to take the salvific message of the Gospel to the ends of the earth and to make Disciples of Christ in every nation. There is some ambiguity regarding the understanding of mission.  [7]  Practicing ones faith in community is an important way of participating in mission.  [8]  Through baptism, Hebrews 10:25 withholds that Christians believe that they become sisters and brothers belonging together in Christ. The church is the  coming together  of the faithful and their  going forth  in peace and this is the mission God is said to require of his people and this is also known as the Missio Dei.  [9]  Bosch is one theologian strongly in favour of witnessing as a Christian, saying that Mission means serving, healing, and reconciling a divided, wounded humanity.  [10]  Sometimes to achieve these aims set out by Bosch it is required to adapt ones personal understanding in favour of a greater meaning which can put into motion these missiological acts. Bosch describes mission in general terms as the activity of proclaiming and embodying the gospel among those who have not yet embraced it.  [11]  The basic premise of mission is that all Christians should be involved in the Great Commission of Jesus as spoken in Matthew 28:19-20. The teaching of the contemporary missional church is that the church has a mission because Jesus had a mission.  [12]  Hirsch describes mission when he says missional church is a community of Gods people that defines itself, and organizes its life around, its real purpose of being an agent of Gods mission to the world.  [13]   Through inculturation, the Church provides an incarnational in cultures and at the same time introduces people along with their cultures, into the churches own community, providing that it is biblical.  [14]  People of faith transmits these Biblical ideologies into their own values, at the same time taking the elements which already exist within their cultures and adapting those that do not into a more applicable form.  [15]  Due to this action within the local churches, the universal Church has developed forms of expression and ethics in the various sectors of Christian life, such as evangelization, worship, theology and social justice.  [16]   A consequence of inculturation is that a given culture has an opportunity to be transformed by faith, and ideally the culture in question is introduced into the Church. Inculturation has this effect because humanity reflects God as they are created in His image (Genesis 1:27). God has planted His holy spirit, in every individual, and as such, every community. This is a normal consequence of humanitys creation in the image and likeness of God.  [17]  Ã‚  Christians believe, as described by Paul in his letter to the Corinthians that the Holy Spirit is active in all of humanity, regardless of whether they have faith in him. This is this reason that the Gospel message can be unchanging despite inculturation of the Gospel into cultures.  [18]  It is the duty of evangelism which is made possible due to inculturation, to reveal this presence and this activity, to discover and affirm holy spirit and to challenge everything in the culture, which impedes the full manifestation of Gods truth and love.  [19]  This provides a full circle of inculturation from applying the Gospel to the culture in question, to the culture being transformed by the Gospel message and to some extent un-inculturating themselves. There are various different ways of explaining transformation of culture by faith. One opinion, represented by Galder, is to situate the process in what is called the  Missio Dei, which basically means the Mission of God.  [20]  Ã‚  The Missio  Dei reaches its potential in the great commandment of love (oneanother as oneself) and its practical implementation in the life and sacrifice of Jesus described in John as God so loved the world that he gave his only Son (John 3: 16).  [21]  Another approach taken by theologians, represented by Wainwright Tucker, is to see inculturation as a consequence of the Incarnation.  [22]  By becoming human, God identified himself with human culture.  [23]  Culture was part of the human nature adopted by God the Son, Jesus.  [24]  Ã‚  This identification was completed in the death of Jesus on the cross.  [25]  Through his death and resurrection, Jesus transcended the limitations of an earthly life and has extended his saving power interculturally.  [26]  This process of the inculturation wheel involves the death and resurrection of each and every culture.  [27]  Ã‚  Christians believe, according to Wainright, that their faith is the perfection of every culture.  [28]  Both of these arguments represent valid points however, despite being seemingly distinctive in academic writings, they have no requirement to be mutually exclusive. For this reason, one may conclude that one could incorporate the incarnation with the Missio Dei for maximum beneficial results. Inculturation affects every aspect of the Christian life, particularly how that life of faith begins. Evangelism as Witness, a model put forward by Abraham, is the idea that a Christians everyday life should serve as a witness to their faith and that this should be a route to evangelism.  [29]  The basis for this idea is found in the Sermon on the Mount, when Jesus tells his disciples, In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven (Matthew 5:16). Abraham himself is ambivalent about this approach: while it is effective at making evangelism a natural part of a Christians daily life, there is a danger that it can [allow] us to pretend that the church has fulfilled its obligations in evangelism when in reality it has reduced evangelism to our acts of mercy and love.  [30]  Furthermore, by making evangelism an inherent part of the Christian lifestyle, but distinctive from secularisation, it becomes removed from the culture of a community and represents its own, faithful culture.  [31]  This would leave room for new converts to detach from an inculturated Gospel message and begin their faith from pure eyes.  [32]  Through the eyes of inculturisation evangelism as witness appears to be a shallow representation of the understanding of the role of inculturism in contemporary culture. However, one thing that may be said of evangelism by witness is that its motives are inherently pure. Because the Christian lifestyle is not a means to an evangelistic end but an end in itself, evangelism is not a purpose in itself; rather a Christ-like life is the purpose, and evangelism is merely a by-product. This is the danger that Abraham expresses in The Art: that witness as evangelism exaggerates what can be conveyed through acts of mercy and love alone.  [33]   One characteristic of Jesus Christ is his willingness to serve. He spent his human life serving the apostles and all those he came in contact with. Through the scriptures, his service has become much more far reaching, beyond the people he came in direct contact with. The stories that are told teach all of us why service is important. When Christ was teaching the multitudes of people and it was a meal time, the community of people got hungry. Jesus was compassionate to their needs and fed them. Not only did he perform a miracle to show that what He provided both in the meal and in his saving actions, that there was enough for everyone, but he also shared his time with His people. Jesus is taken as the ultimate idol in a time where people feel the need to be provided with an external locus of identity. His example surpasses culture, it is an intercultural need that supposes time and space, for that of food, nutritionally and spiritually. This could be argued to be evidence for a resol ution to some issues facing faith across cultures. Christianity is a religion that has surpassed centuries and inculturation is is entwined throughout the churchs history. As a result of this historical process there is a certain accumulation of cultural elements, which begin with those biblical influences where the culture is present whilst continually being affected and adapted by cultures.  [34]  The cultures of the Bible are necessary for the understanding of Scripture, which, in the Christian tradition, cannot be replaced by any other historical influence.  [35]   Within more traditional church practices there is the use of words, gestures and rites particularly those that belong to the liturgy of the sacraments. There are other traditions the church has help which Jesus himself did or has commanded his followers to participate in: Baptism and the bread and wine which Jesus substituted for the blessings of the Jewish Passover.  [36]  The Church feels unable to change these practices without being unfaithful to the historical Jesus.  [37]   The process of the inculturation into other cultures is costly in time. Tanye describes it as not a matter of purely external adaptation, for inculturation means the intimate transformation of authentic cultural values through their integration in Christianity and the insertion of Christianity in the various human cultures.  [38]  The process is thus a profound and all-embracing one, which involves the Christian message and also the Churchs reflection and practice. At the same time it is a difficult process, as the attraction to compromise the distinctiveness and integrity of the Christian faith is strong. The Church identifies with biblical culture, but this is ever further from its own living culture of today. The cultures of the first century AD are, in fact, cultures which are not naturally occurring in modern society. The reason for emphasis on biblical culture is because it belongs to the humanity and historicity of Jesus himself, who is the subject of evangelization/inculturation. People of every culture have to do this and it is part of the reality of inculturation itself, especially where these elements are essential   Ã‚  to Christian identity. Inculturation is a slow journey which accompanies the whole of missionary life. It involves those working in the Churchs mission and the Christian communities as they develop.. It is an integral component to evangelism. For this reason inculturation is essential to the current church in the west however is not ideal for a longer-term plan for the church.